?精神品質(zhì)類(極重要)

  注：是考查頻度最高的話題。是絕對(duì)的重點(diǎn)。

  team spirit：團(tuán)隊(duì)精神

  teamwork：團(tuán)隊(duì)合作

  strengthen mutual cooperation：增強(qiáng)相互合作

  cultivate the atmosphere of teamwork：形成團(tuán)隊(duì)精神

  patience：耐心

  prudence：謹(jǐn)慎

  persistence/perseverance：恒心/毅力/堅(jiān)持 —— 對(duì)應(yīng)：give up halfway(半途而廢)

  endeavor：努力

  diligence/painstaking efforts：勤奮

  self-dependence/self-reliance/independence：自立

  innovation/creativity/critical thinking：創(chuàng)新

  self-confidence：自信(lack of confidence：缺乏自信)

  modesty：謙虛

  striving spirit：奮斗精神

  the spirit of competition：拼搏精神

  aggressive：有進(jìn)取心的

  strong-willed：意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的

  tireless：孜孜不倦的

  persevering：不屈不撓的

  consistent：始終如一的

  adversity and hardship：逆境和苦難

  a sense of achievement：成就感

  sense of honor：榮譽(yù)感

  entertain great ambitions：胸懷抱負(fù)

  reap without sowing：不勞而獲

  haste makes waste：欲速則不達(dá)

  utilitarian：功利的，急功近利的

  actions：行動(dòng)(take actions：付諸行動(dòng))

  down-to-earth：務(wù)實(shí)的

  thrift：勤儉

  honesty：誠信

  respect the old and care for the young：尊老愛幼

  curiosity：充滿好奇

  spirit of the craftsman/craftsman's spirit/craftsmanship spirit：工匠精神

  striving for the best/striving for excellence：精益求精

  ?道德類(極重要)

  public morality：公德

  devotion/dedication：奉獻(xiàn)

  charity：慈善

  duty/responsibility：責(zé)任

  sense of responsibility：責(zé)任感

  shoulder/assume/undertake one's duties/responsibility：承擔(dān)責(zé)任

  avoid/shirk/shun one's duties/responsibility：逃避責(zé)任

  traditional virtues：傳統(tǒng)美德

  practice filial piety：奉行孝道

  selfless devotion：無私奉獻(xiàn)

  Patriotism：愛國主義

  comply with the law/observation of the law：遵守法律

  comply with public morality：遵守公德

  follow the morals：按道德行事

  improve public morals：改進(jìn)社會(huì)風(fēng)氣

  safeguard public morals：維護(hù)公共道德

  injure public morality：損害公共道德

  be public-spirited：有公德心的

  the corruption of public morality：公德墮落

  the lack of moral sense：道德缺失

  the crisis of trust：信任危機(jī)

  spit everywhere：隨地吐痰

  make noise/talk loudly：大聲喧嘩

  littering：亂丟垃圾

  empty promise：空洞承諾

  false promise：虛假承諾

  compete for benefits：爭(zhēng)搶利益

  unfair competitions：不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

  consumers' rights and interests：消費(fèi)者權(quán)益

  disregard the public rules：無視公共規(guī)章

  break/violate public regulations：違反公共規(guī)章

  benevolence：善心仁慈

  with heart and soul：全心全意

  amicable：友好的

  charitable：寬厚的

  credibility：信譽(yù)，美譽(yù)

  fake commodities：偽劣產(chǎn)品

  dishonest behaviors：欺詐行為

  unaffordable prices of medicines：藥價(jià)虛高

  academic corruption：學(xué)術(shù)腐敗

  plagiarism：剽竊抄襲

  excessive growth：過度上漲

  illegal ads：非法廣告

  food safety：食品安全

  misdeed/misconduct：不良行為

  spirit of contact：契約精神

  volunteer/volunteering/volunteering service：志愿者/志愿者活動(dòng)/志愿服務(wù)

  volunteer spirit：志愿者精神

  ?家庭類或兩代關(guān)系類(重要)

  注：1992年以來，家庭類話題在英語(一)大作文中考過5次，是重要的考查話題。最近一次考的是在2016年。

  mutual understanding：相互理解

  aging society：老齡化社會(huì)

  population aging：人口老齡化

  generation gap：代溝

  widen/expand generation gap：擴(kuò)大代溝

  narrow/bridge generation gap：消除代溝

  chauvinism：大男子主義

  career women：職業(yè)婦女

  domestic/family violence：家庭暴力

  foster/raise/breed/nurture/bring up：撫養(yǎng)

  household chores：繁雜家務(wù)

  spoil children/dote on children：溺愛孩子

  over-indulgence：縱容溺愛

  only child：獨(dú)生子女

  the universal two-child policy：全面二孩政策

  例：The aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child policy.(全面二孩政策將有效應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化趨勢(shì))

  boomerang kids/the NEET group(NEET=Not currently engaged in Education, Employment or Training)：啃老族

  a well-off family：小康之家

  nuclear famaily：核心家庭

  a single-parent family：?jiǎn)斡H家庭

  one's later years/one's remaining years：晚年

  filial piety：孝道

  practice filial piety/fulfill filial duty：奉行孝道

  support(take care of/sustain) the elderly(the old/the aged/the senior/aged parents/the old and infirm parents)：贍養(yǎng)老人

  show solicitude for parents：關(guān)心父母

  mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents：虐待父母

  cousin：堂兄妹，表兄妹

  offspring：后代，后輩

  ancestor：祖先

  heir：繼承人

  ?環(huán)保類(重要)

  注：1992年以來，環(huán)保類話題在英語(一)大作文中已考過3次，是重要的考查話題。

  environment-friendly：生態(tài)環(huán)保的

  conserve natural habitats：保護(hù)生存環(huán)境

  animal rights activist：動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者

  natural reserve：自然保護(hù)區(qū)

  natural resources：自然資源

  energy conservation and environmental protection：節(jié)能環(huán)保

  biodiversity：生物多樣性

  extinction：滅絕

  wind breaks：防風(fēng)林

  sand breaks：防沙林

  climate change：氣候變化

  greenhouse effect：溫室效應(yīng)

  threat of global warming：全球變暖的威脅

  develop renewable resources：開發(fā)可再生資源

  low-carbon economy：低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)

  low-carbon lifestyle：低碳生活方式

  environmental awareness：環(huán)境意識(shí)

  deforestation：森林消失

  landslide：山體滑坡

  biodegradable：可生物降解的

  environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products：環(huán)保產(chǎn)品

  household garbage：生活垃圾

  waste sorting/garbage classification：垃圾分類

  motor vehicle pollution：汽車尾氣污染

  reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles：減少汽車尾氣的排放

  low-emission cars：小排量汽車

  high-emission cars：大排量汽車

  public transport：公共交通

  green commuting：綠色出行

  water and soil erosion：水土流失

  soot emissions：煙塵排放

  sea water desalinization：海水淡化

  eco-demonstration region：生態(tài)示范區(qū)

  Nationally Designated Garden City：國家級(jí)園林城市

  create pleasant living environment：創(chuàng)造怡人的生活環(huán)境

  air pollution：空氣污染

  degradation/deterioration of air quality：空氣質(zhì)量惡化

  discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas：排放有毒氣體

  acid rain：酸雨

  drought：干旱

  sandstorm：沙塵暴

  toxic waste：有毒廢物

  industrial waste：工業(yè)廢物

  sewage treatment：污水處理

  ?健康類

  注：只在1996、1997這兩年考過。健康類話題英語(二)考查的可能性比較大。

  physical health/fitness/well-being：生理健康

  mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being：心理健康

  improve/enhance physical(psychological) health：增進(jìn)生理(心理)健康

  hurt/damage physical(psychological)health：損害生理(心理)健康

  health concern：健康問題

  state of health：健康狀況

  sub-health：亞健康

  public health：公共衛(wèi)生

  state of mind：心態(tài)

  physical exercises：體育鍛煉

  well-balanced diet：均衡飲食

  sacrifice health：犧牲健康

  junk food：垃圾食品

  food additives：食品添加劑

  go on a diet：節(jié)食，減肥

  arrhythmia：心律不齊

  indigestion：消化不良

  vaccinate：打疫苗

  infectious disease/illness：傳染病

  chronic disease/illness：慢性病

  non-acclimatization：水土不服

  relapse：復(fù)發(fā)癥

  stupor：昏迷

  nearsightedness/myopia/short-sightedness：近視

  malnutrition：營養(yǎng)不良

  chill：打冷戰(zhàn)

  ?文化類(重要)

  注：文化類話題是英語(一)大作文的高頻考查話題，1992年以來已考過4次，最近一次是在2010年(文化火鍋)。截至目前，已有7年未考了，2018考研務(wù)必重視這個(gè)話題。

  culture and civilization：文化和文明

  The cultural blending/integration/fusion：文化融合

  cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange：文化交流

  cultural diversity：文化多元化

  multiculturalism：多元文化

  cultural identity：文化特性

  cultural treasures：文化寶藏

  cultural heritage/legacy：文化遺產(chǎn)

  cultural relics：文物

  cultural facilities：文化設(shè)施

  cultural devolution：文化退化

  cultural insights：文化視角

  traditional Chinese culture/national culture：民族(傳統(tǒng))文化

  alien/foreign culture：外國文化

  Chinese cultural symbols：中國文化的符號(hào)

  advocate/carry forward traditional culture：弘揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)文化

  preserve and cherish traditions：保存和珍惜傳統(tǒng)

  undermine traditions：破壞傳統(tǒng)

  great and profound：博大精深的

  public literature：大眾文學(xué)

  light literature：通俗文學(xué)

  local customs and practices：風(fēng)土人情

  cross-cultural communication：跨文化交流

  spiritual civilization：精神文明

  break with old customs：拋棄傳統(tǒng)

  hand down from generation to generation：代代相傳

  minority：少數(shù)民族

  national pride：民族自豪

  original：原始原創(chuàng)的

  charming：極具魅力的

  splendid：壯麗輝煌的

  talk show：談話節(jié)目

  crash：碰撞

  collection：收藏品

  mahjong：麻將

  Peking/Beijing opera：京劇

  Tang Suit：唐裝

  folk art：民間藝術(shù)

  paper-cut：剪紙

  Confucius Institute：孔子學(xué)院

  Chinese craze：中國熱

  ?教育類

  注：教育類話題英語(二)考查的可能性比較大。

  compulsory education：義務(wù)教育

  life-long education：終身教育

  exam/test-oriented education：應(yīng)試教育

  quality education：素質(zhì)教育

  well-rounded development of a child：全面發(fā)展

  balanced development of a child：均衡發(fā)展

  cultural quality：文化素質(zhì)

  impart knowledge and educate people：教書育人

  dropout student：失學(xué)兒童

  intellectual property：知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)

  law education：法制教育

  teach students according to their aptitude：因材施教

  force-feeding method of teaching：填鴨式教學(xué)

  academic/theoretical knowledge：理論知識(shí)

  practical skills：實(shí)用技能

  integrate theory with practice：理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際

  disconnect theory from practice：理論脫離實(shí)際

  shape/mould one's character：塑造性格

  extra-curricular activities：課外活動(dòng)

  the spirit of exploration：探索精神

  cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking：培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新思維

  stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity：扼殺創(chuàng)造力

  sap/dampen student's interest in sth.：挫傷學(xué)生對(duì)某事的興趣

  opening ceremony：開學(xué)典禮

  key school：重點(diǎn)中學(xué)

  private school：私立學(xué)校

  public school：公立學(xué)校

  eliminate illiteracy：掃盲

  miss a class：缺課

  cut a class：曠課

  drop out：輟學(xué)

  quit school：退學(xué)

  assistantship：助學(xué)金

  scholarship：獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

  university graduates：大學(xué)畢業(yè)生

  pursue post-graduate study/take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates：考研

  study abroad/go abroad for further education：出國留學(xué)

  excessive/undue academic pressure：過大的學(xué)習(xí)壓力

  the burden of study/learning：學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)

  ease/relieve academic pressure：緩解學(xué)習(xí)壓力

  intensify academic pressure：增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)壓力

  academic atmosphere：學(xué)習(xí)氣氛

  ?經(jīng)濟(jì)類

  注：經(jīng)濟(jì)類話題英語(二)考查的可能性比較大。

  economic globalization：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化

  recession/bleeding economy：經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣

  economic/financial crisis：經(jīng)濟(jì)/金融危機(jī)

  the fallout of economic/financial crisis：經(jīng)濟(jì)/金融危機(jī)的影響

  economic recovery：經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇

  economic prosperity：經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮

  spur/stimulate economic development：刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

  hinder/impede economic development：阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

  job market：就業(yè)市場(chǎng)

  look for/hunt for/seek a job：找工作

  job seeker：求職者

  a tough job market：嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)

  unrealistic salary expectations：不切實(shí)際的薪資期望

  pursue a high-paid job：追求高薪工作

  without/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skills：沒有或缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)/實(shí)踐能力/職業(yè)技能

  lose one's job/be unemployed：失業(yè)

  job losses mount, unemployment climbs：失業(yè)加劇

  unemployment：失業(yè)人數(shù)

  generate/create/afford job opportunities/employment opportunities：創(chuàng)造/提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)

  career guidance：就業(yè)指導(dǎo)

  decline/recession/depression：萎縮/衰退/蕭條

  bubble economy：泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)

  demand exceed supply：供不應(yīng)求

  turn loss into gains：轉(zhuǎn)虧為盈

  stabilize prices：穩(wěn)定物價(jià)

  unfair competition：不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

  fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competition：激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

  fake and inferior product：假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品

  after-sale service：售后服務(wù)

  enterprise image：企業(yè)形象

  brand effect：品牌效應(yīng)

  over-consuming：超前消費(fèi)

  reduce the funding for...：減少經(jīng)費(fèi)

  lift/elevate people's standard of living：提高人們的生活水平

  lower citizens' standard of living：降低居民生活水平

  eliminate poverty：消除貧困

  expand the gap between the wealthy and the needy：擴(kuò)大貧富差距

  increase/expand domestic demand：擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

  spur/stimulate consumption：刺激消費(fèi)

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